1 General Part

CHAPTER IV- COLLUSION OF PERSONS FOR THE COMMITMENT OF THE CRIMINAL ACT

Article 25- Meaning of collusion

Collusion is the agreement of two or more persons to commit a criminal act.

1 General Part

CHAPTER IV- COLLUSION OF PERSONS FOR THE COMMITMENT OF THE CRIMINAL ACT

Article 28- Armed gang and criminal organization

Armed gang and criminal organization represent particular forms of collusion which differ not only with respect to the number of participants, but also on their level of organization and persistence to commit a number of criminal acts.

A criminal organization represents the highest degree of collusion for committing a consistent criminal activity.

The creation and participation in an armed gang or in criminal organizations, as well as their committing of criminal acts, are qualified as specific criminal acts and are punished according to the provisions of the Special Part of this Code.

Members of an armed gang or a criminal organization bear responsibility for all criminal acts committed by the gang or the organization if they have acted either as organizers or executors or instigators or helpers.

A member of an armed gang or a criminal organization bears no criminal responsibility for collusion when he repents and helps the competent authorities in order to prevent the [criminal] activity and discover the collaborators.

It is a circumstance for mitigating the punishment, and in some particular cases, for lowering it under the minimum provided for by law, if a member of an armed gang or of a criminal organization which has committed criminal acts repents and cooperates with the competent authorities to discover the [criminal] activity and the other collaborators.

If the court holds that the role played by the member of the armed gang or criminal organization who repents is not cardinal, when the acts he has committed are not extremely dangerous and when the help he has given for the discovery of the [criminal] activity and of the collaborators of the gang is important, it may exclude him from sentencing.

Article 25
Individual criminal responsibility
3. In accordance with this Statute, a person shall be criminally responsible and liable for punishment for a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court if that person:
(d) In any other way contributes to the commission or attempted commission of such a crime by a group of persons acting with a common purpose. Such contribution shall be intentional and shall either:
(i) Be made with the aim of furthering the criminal activity or criminal purpose of the group, where such activity or purpose involves the commission of a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court; or
(ii) Be made in the knowledge of the intention of the group to commit the crime