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First Book
General Provisions
Section Two
CRIMES
CHAPTER FOUR
Instruments of Freedom
Part Two
Discharge of Duty
Article 56
Commitment of criminal act in the folloWing-instancos is considered discharge of duty :
3. In both instances included in this article, the assigned official is obliged to prove that his belief regarding the legitimacy of the act had been based on rational reasons and that the act was committed only after necessary precautions had boon taken ; but, if the official, by the way of provision of law, did not have the right to objoct to the orders of the competent authority, he shall under no circumstances be punished for committing a criminal act as included in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article.
Article 33
Superior orders and prescription of law
1. The fact that a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court has been committed by a person pursuant to an order of a Government or of a superior, whether military or civilian, shall not relieve that person of criminal responsibility unless:
(c) The order was not manifestly unlawful.