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PART I
GENERAL PART
BOOK I
CRIMES AND CRIMINALS
TITLE II
THE CRIME AND ITS COMMISSION
CHAPTER III
PARTICIPATION IN THE COMMISSION OF A CRIME
Article 32.- Principal Criminal.
(1) Any person shall be regarded as having committed a crime as a principal criminal and punished as such if:
(a) he actually commits the crime either directly or indirectly, in particular by means of an animal or a natural force; or
(b) he without performing the criminal act itself fully associates himself with the commission of the crime and the intended result; or
(c) he employs an infant or a person who is mentally deficient or unaware of the circumstances, for the commission of a crime or compels another person to commit a crime .
PART I
GENERAL PART
BOOK I
CRIMES AND CRIMINALS
TITLE II
THE CRIME AND ITS COMMISSION
CHAPTER III
PARTICIPATION IN THE COMMISSION OF A CRIME
Article 32.- Principal Criminal.
(2) Where the crime committed goes beyond the intention of the
criminal he shall be tried in accordance with Article 58(3).
(3) Where two or more persons are involved as principal criminals in the commission of a crime, each shall be liable to the punishment attaching thereto .
PART I
GENERAL PART
BOOK I
CRIMES AND CRIMINALS
TITLE II
THE CRIME AND ITS COMMISSION
CHAPTER III
PARTICIPATION IN THE COMMISSION OF A CRIME
Article 35.- Collective Crimes.
Where two or more persons commit a crime in concert, the person who is proved to have taken no part in the commission of the crime shall not be punished.
However, where a crime such as conspiracy or brawl is committed by a group of persons, the person whose presence in the group is proved shall be exempt from punishment only if he proves that he has taken no part in the commission of the crime .
Article 25
Individual criminal responsibility
3. In accordance with this Statute, a person shall be criminally responsible and liable for punishment for a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court if that person:
(a) Commits such a crime, whether as an individual, jointly with another or through another person, regardless of whether that other person is criminally responsible.