'Manifestly unlawful order' in document 'Philippines - Crimes Act'

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RELEVANT SECTIONS OF THE IMPLEMENTING LEGISLATION

Chapter V Some Principles of Criminal Liability

Section 12. Orders from a Superior. - The fact that a crime defined and penalized under this Act has been committed by a person pursuant to an order of a government or a superior, whether military or civilian, shall not relieve that person of criminal responsibility unless all of the following elements occur:

(c) The order was not manifestly unlawful.

For the purposes of this section, orders to commit genocide or other crimes against humanity are manifestly unlawful.

RELEVANT ROME STATUTE PROVISIONS

Article 33
Superior orders and prescription of law
1. The fact that a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court has been committed by a person pursuant to an order of a Government or of a superior, whether military or civilian, shall not relieve that person of criminal responsibility unless:
(c) The order was not manifestly unlawful.