GENERAL PART

Chapter VI. COMPLICITY

Article 29. Criminal liability of accomplices

1. The principal (or co-principals) shall be criminally liable under that article of the Special Part of this Code which creates the offense he has committed.

2. The organizer, abettor and accessory shall be criminally liable under the respective paragraph of Article 27 and that article (or paragraph of the article) of the Special Part of this Code which creates an offense committed by the principal.

3. The features of character of a specific accomplice shall be criminated only upon such accomplice. Other circumstances that aggravate responsibility and are provided for by articles of the Special Part of this Code as the elements of a crime that affect the treatment of the principal's actions, shall be criminated only upon the accomplice who was conscious of such circumstances.

4. Where the principal commits an unconsummated criminal offense, other accomplices shall be criminally liable for complicity in an unconsummated crime.

5. Accessories shall not be criminally liable for the act committed by the principal, where that act was no part of their intent.

Article 30. Criminal liability of organizers and members of an organized group or criminal organization

1. An organizer of an organized group or criminal organization shall be criminally liable for all the criminal offenses committed by the organized group or criminal organization, if those offenses were part of his intent.

2. Other members of an organized group or criminal organization shall be criminally liable for the criminal offenses prepared or committed with their participation, regardless of the role each of them had in such offenses.

Article 31. Voluntary renunciation of accomplices

1. In the event of a principal's (or co-principals') voluntary renunciation to commit a criminal offense, he (or they) shall not be criminally liable where the conditions prescribed by Article 17 of this Code are satisfied. In this event other accomplices shall be criminally liable for the preparation of the criminal offense or the attempted offense which was voluntary renunciated by the principal.

2. An organizer, abettor or accessory shall not be criminally liable in event of their voluntary renunciation, where they averted the offense or timely reported the preparation or commission of the offense to appropriate public authorities. The accessory's failure to supply the means and tools or remove obstacles for the offense shall also be regarded as his voluntary renunciation.

3. In the event of a voluntary renunciation of any accomplice, the principal shall be criminally liable for the preparation of the criminal offense or for the attempted offense depending on the stage at which his act was precluded.