GENERAL PART

Chapter VIII. CIRCUMSTANCES EXCLUDING CRIMINALITY OF AN ACT

Article 36. Necessary defense

1. The necessary defense shall mean actions taken to defend the legally protected rights and interests of the defending person or another person, and also public interests and interests of the state, against a socially dangerous trespass, by inflicting such harm upon the trespasser as is necessary and sufficient in a given situation to immediately avert or stop the trespass, provided the limits of the necessary defense are not exceeded.

2. Every person shall have the right to necessary defense notwithstanding any possibility to avoid a socially dangerous trespass or request assistance of other persons or authorities.

3. The excess of necessary defense shall mean an intended causing of a grievous harm to the trespasser, which is not adequate to the danger of the trespass or circumstances of the defense. The excess of necessary defense shall entail criminal liability only in cases specifically prescribed in Articles 118 and 124 of this Code.

4. A person shall not be subject to criminal liability where that person was not able, due to high excitement, to evaluate if the harm caused by that person was proportionate to the danger of the trespass or circumstances of defense.

5. The use of weapons or other means or things for protection against an attack of an armed person or an attack of a group of persons, and also to avert an unlawful violent intrusion upon a dwelling place or other premises, shall not be treated as the excess of necessary defense and shall not entail criminal liability irrespective of the gravity of harm caused to the trespasser.

GENERAL PART

Chapter VIII. CIRCUMSTANCES EXCLUDING CRIMINALITY OF AN ACT

Article 39. Extreme necessity

1. Infliction of harm to legally protected interests in circumstances of extreme necessity, that is to prevent an imminent danger to a person or legally protected rights of that person or other persons, and also public interests or interests of the state, shall not be a criminal offense, where the danger could not be prevented by other means and where the limits of extreme necessity were not exceeded.

2. Any willful infliction of harm upon any legally protected interests, where such harm is larger than the harm thus prevented, is held to be in excess of extreme necessity.

3. A person shall not be criminally liable for exceeding the limits of extreme necessity where that person could not, as a result of high excitement raised by the danger, evaluate if the harm caused was proportionate to such danger.