§ 1. General provisions
Section 1
1. For the purposes of this Act:
(b) ‘superior’ means:
(i) a military commander, or a person effectively acting as such, who has effective command or authority over or exercises effective control over one or more subordinates;
(ii) a person who exercises effective authority, in a civilian capacity, over or exercises effective control over one or more subordinates.

Article 28
Responsibility of commanders and other superiors
(b) With respect to superior and subordinate relationships not described in paragraph (a), a superior shall be criminally responsible for crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court committed by subordinates under his or her effective authority and control, as a result of his or her failure to exercise control properly over such subordinates, where:
(i) The superior either knew, or consciously disregarded information which clearly indicated, that the subordinates were committing or about to commit such crimes;
(ii) The crimes concerned activities that were within the effective responsibility and control of the superior; and
(iii) The superior failed to take all necessary and reasonable measures within his or her power to prevent or repress their commission or to submit the matter to the competent authorities for investigation and prosecution.