PART I
GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER V
PARTIES TO OFFENCES

21. Principal offenders

When an offence is committed, each of the following persons is deemed to have taken part in committing the offence and to be guilty of the offence, and may be charged with actually committing it, that is to say —

(d) any person who counsels or procures any other person to commit the offence.

PART I
GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER V
PARTIES TO OFFENCES

21. Principal offenders

A conviction of counselling or procuring the commission of an offence entails the same consequences in all respects as a conviction of committing the offence.

Any person who procures another to do or omit to do any act of such a nature that if he had himself done the act or made the omission the act or omission would have constituted an offence on his part, is guilty of an offence of the same kind, and is liable to the same punishment, as if he had himself done the act or made the omission; and he may be charged with himself doing the act or making the omission.

PART I
GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER V
PARTIES TO OFFENCES

23. Counselling another to commit an offence

When such a person counsels another to commit an offence, and an offence is actually committed after such counsel by the person to whom it is given, it is immaterial whether the offence actually committed is the same as that counselled or a different one, or whether the offence is committed in the way counselled or in a different way, provided in either case that the facts constituting the offence actually committed are a probable consequence of carrying out the counsel.

In either case the person who gave counsel is deemed to have counselled the other person to commit the offence actually committed by him.