BOOK I
GENERAL PROVISIONS

TITLE ii
GENERAL AND SPECIAL RULES OF CRIMINAL LAW

13. Provisions relating to negligence.

(1) A person causes an event negligently if, without intending to cause the event, he causes it by voluntary act, done without such skill and precaution as are reasonably necessary under the circumstances, or as he is in the particular case bound by law to have and use, for preventing the event from being caused.

(2) Moreover, if an act is such that, notwithstanding the use of skill and precaution, it is likely to cause an event which there is no justification for causing, the act (if not done with intent to cause that event) is negligently done with reference to causing that event, even though it be done with skill and precaution .

BOOK I
GENERAL

TITLE ii
GENERAL AND SPECIAL RULES OF CRIMINAL LAW

14. Provisions relating to causing an event.

(2) If an event is caused by the acts of several persons acting either jointly or independently, each of those persons who has intentionally or negligently contributed to cause the event shall, subject to the provisions of subsection (3) of this section, and to the provisions of Title v. of this Code with respect to abetment, be deemed to have caused the event; but any matter of exemption, justification, extenuation or aggravation which exists in the case of any one of those persons shall have effect in his case, whether it exists or not in the case of any of the other persons .

BOOK I
GENERAL

TITLE ii
GENERAL AND SPECIAL RULES OF CRIMINAL LAW

14. Provisions relating to causing an event.

(3) A person shall not be convicted of having intentionally or negligently caused an event if, notwith-standing his act and the acts of any person acting jointly with him, the event would not have happened but for the existence of some state of facts or the intervention of some other event or of some other person, the probability of the existence or intervention of which other event or person the accused person did not take into consideration, and had no reason to take into consideration. This provision shall not apply where a person is charged with having caused an event by an omission to perform a duty for averting the event.

BOOK I
GENERAL

TITLE ii
GENERAL AND SPECIAL RULES OF CRIMINAL LAW

14. Provisions relating to causing an event.

(6) A person shall not, by reason of anything in this section, be relieved from any liability in respect of an attempt to cause an event; and a person shall not, by reason of anything in this section, be relieved from any liability in respect of negligent conduct, if such negligent conduct is punishable under this Code irrespectively of whether it actually causes any event .