FIRST VOLUME
General Provisions

SECOND CHAPTER
Essence of Criminal Responsibility

FOURTH SECTION
Participation In Commission of A Crime

Perpetration

ARTICLE 37-(1) Each one of the persons who jointly execute the act defined as crime in the law is responsible from its legal consequences as the offender.

(2) Also, a person who uses another person in commission of a crime is also kept responsible as the offender. The punishment of the persons who uses a person(s) lacking culpability is increased from one–third up to one half.

FIRST VOLUME
General Provisions

SECOND CHAPTER
Essence of Criminal Responsibility

FOURTH SECTION
Participation In Commission of A Crime

Connected offenses

ARTICLE 40- (1) If an act is executed intentionally and contrary to the laws, then this is considered as participation in commission of offense. Each person participating in commission of an offense is punished according to his involvement in the offense, irrespective of the personal reasons avoiding the punishment of the other.

(2) In particular offenses the person possessing the characteristics of a perpetrator is defined as offender. The others who participate in commission of offense are kept responsible from commission of offense as soliciting or supporting parties.

(3) In order to keep a person responsible from participation in commission of an offense, at least there must be an attempt to commit offense.

Voluntary Abandonment in Jointly Committed Offenses

ARTICLE 41-(1) In jointly committed offenses, only the accomplice who voluntarily abandons the attempt to commit offense may benefit from the provisions of the law relating to voluntary abandonment.

(2) The provisions relating to voluntary abandonment is applied ;

a) If the commission of offense is not bound to any other reason than the efforts shown by the person who voluntarily abandons the attempt.
b) If the offense is committed despite all the efforts of the person who voluntarily abandons the attempt.

Article 25
Individual criminal responsibility
3. In accordance with this Statute, a person shall be criminally responsible and liable for punishment for a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court if that person:
(a) Commits such a crime, whether as an individual, jointly with another or through another person, regardless of whether that other person is criminally responsible.