BOTSWANA – CRIMINAL PROCEDURE AND EVIDENCE ACT

PART VIII - Preparatory Examination

98. Persons committed for trial or sentence entitled to receive copy of depositions of witnesses
Every accused person who is committed for trial or sentence for any offence, shall be entitled to demand, and to have within a reasonable time in that behalf, from the person who has the lawful custody thereof, a copy of the depositions of the witnesses upon which he has been so committed and of his own statement and evidence (if any), and the person who has the lawful custody of such depositions, statements and evidence shall deliver a copy thereof to the person aforesaid or his legal representative on payment of a reasonable sum not exceeding seven thebe for each folio of 100 words, or, in any case where counsel is assigned by the court to defend the accused pro deo, shall deliver a copy thereof to the accused or such counsel free of charge:

Provided that

(i) if such demand is not made before the day appointed for the commencement of the trial of the person on whose behalf such demand is made, such person shall not be entitled to have any such copy of depositions, unless the judge presiding at the trial is of opinion that such copy may be made and delivered without delay or inconvenience to the trial, and

(ii) such judge may, if he thinks fit, postpone the trial by reason of such copy not having been previously had by the accused.

BOTSWANA – CRIMINAL PROCEDURE AND EVIDENCE ACT

PART VIII - Preparatory Examination

102. Access to accused by friends and legal advisers

(1) The friends and legal advisers of an accused person shall have access to him, subject to the provisions of any law or regulations relating to the management of gaol.

(2) An accused person while the preparatory examination is being held is entitled to the assistance of his legal advisers.

BOTSWANA – CRIMINAL PROCEDURE AND EVIDENCE ACT

PART XIII - Procedure after Commencement of Trial (ss 176-197)

A. IN THE HIGH COURT AND MAGISTRATES' COURT (ss 176-1 84)

177. Defence by counsel, etc.

Every person charged with an offence is entitled to make his defence at his trial and to have the witnesses examined or cross-examined by his counsel, or other legal representative:

Provided that upon his trial before a magistrate's court, an accused person under the age of 16 years may be assisted by his natural or legal guardian, and any accused person who in the opinion of the court requires the assistance of another person may, with the permission of the court, be so assisted.

BOTSWANA – CRIMINAL PROCEDURE AND EVIDENCE ACT

PART XIII - Procedure after Commencement of Trial (ss 176-197)

A. IN THE HIGH COURT AND MAGISTRATES' COURT (ss 176-1 84)


178. Presence of accused

(1) Every criminal trial shall take place, and the witnesses shall, except where otherwise expressly provided by this Act or any other law, give their evidence viva voce, in open court in the presence of the accused, unless he so conducts himself as to render the continuance of the proceedings in his presence impracticable. In that event the court may order him to be removed and may direct the trial to proceed in his absence.

(2) If the accused absents himself during the trial without leave, the court may direct a warrant to be issued to arrest him and bring him before the court forthwith.

Article 55
Rights of persons during an investigation
1. In respect of an investigation under this Statute, a person:
(a) Shall not be compelled to incriminate himself or herself or to confess guilt;
(b) Shall not be subjected to any form of coercion, duress or threat, to torture or to any other form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;
(c) Shall, if questioned in a language other than a language the person fully understands and speaks, have, free of any cost, the assistance of a competent interpreter and such translations as are necessary to meet the requirements of fairness; and
(d) Shall not be subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention, and shall not be deprived of his or her liberty except on such grounds and in accordance with such procedures as are established in this Statute.
2. Where there are grounds to believe that a person has committed a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court and that person is about to be questioned either by the Prosecutor, or by national authorities pursuant to a request made under Part 9, that person shall also have the following rights of which he or she shall be informed prior to being questioned:
(a) To be informed, prior to being questioned, that there are grounds to believe that he or she has committed a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court;
(b) To remain silent, without such silence being a consideration in the determination of guilt or innocence;
(c) To have legal assistance of the person's choosing, or, if the person does not have legal assistance, to have legal assistance assigned to him or her, in any case where the interests of justice so require, and without payment by the person in any such case if the person does not have sufficient means to pay for it; and
(d) To be questioned in the presence of counsel unless the person has voluntarily waived his or her right to counsel.

Article 63
Trial in the presence of the accused
1. The accused shall be present during the trial.
2. If the accused, being present before the Court, continues to disrupt the trial, the Trial Chamber may remove the accused and shall make provision for him or her to observe the trial and instruct counsel from outside the courtroom, through the use of communications technology, if required. Such measures shall be taken only in exceptional circumstances after other reasonable alternatives have proved inadequate, and only for such duration as is strictly required.

Article 66
Presumption of innocence
1. Everyone shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty before the Court in accordance with the applicable law.
2. The onus is on the Prosecutor to prove the guilt of the accused.
3. In order to convict the accused, the Court must be convinced of the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt.

Article 67
Rights of the accused
1. In the determination of any charge, the accused shall be entitled to a public hearing, having regard to the provisions of this Statute, to a fair hearing conducted impartially, and to the following minimum guarantees, in full equality:
(a) To be informed promptly and in detail of the nature, cause and content of the charge, in a language which the accused fully understands and speaks;
(b) To have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of the defence and to communicate freely with counsel of the accused's choosing in confidence;
(c) To be tried without undue delay;
(d) Subject to article 63, paragraph 2, to be present at the trial, to conduct the defence in person or through legal assistance of the accused's choosing, to be informed, if the accused does not have legal assistance, of this right and to have legal assistance assigned by the Court in any case where the interests of justice so require, and without payment if the accused lacks sufficient means to pay for it;
(e) To examine, or have examined, the witnesses against him or her and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his or her behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him or her. The accused shall also be entitled to raise defences and to present other evidence admissible under this Statute;
(f) To have, free of any cost, the assistance of a competent interpreter and such translations as are necessary to meet the requirements of fairness, if any of the proceedings of or documents presented to the Court are not in a language which the accused fully understands and speaks;
(g) Not to be compelled to testify or to confess guilt and to remain silent, without such silence being a consideration in the determination of guilt or innocence;
(h) To make an unsworn oral or written statement in his or her defence; and
(i) Not to have imposed on him or her any reversal of the burden of proof or any onus of rebuttal.
2. In addition to any other disclosure provided for in this Statute, the Prosecutor shall, as soon as practicable, disclose to the defence evidence in the Prosecutor's possession or control which he or she believes shows or tends to show the innocence of the accused, or to mitigate the guilt of the accused, or which may affect the credibility of prosecution evidence. In case of doubt as to the application of this paragraph, the Court shall decide.