PART IV
PROVISIONS RELATING TO ALL CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS AND PROCEEDINGS

Summons for witness
127. If it is made to appear on the statement of the complainant or of the defendant or otherwise that material evidence can be given or is in the possession of any person, it shall be lawful for a court having cognisance of any criminal cause or matter to issue a summons to such person requiring his attendance before such court or requiring him to bring and produce to such court for the purpose of evidence all documents and writings in his possession or power which may be specified or otherwise sufficiently described in the summons.


Warrant for witness who disobeys summons
128. If, without sufficient excuse, a witness does not appear in obedience to the summons the court on proof of the proper service of the summons a reasonable time before, may issue a warrant to bring him before the court at such time and place as shall be therein specified.


Warrant for witness in first instance
129. If the court is satisfied by evidence on oath that such person will not attend unless compelled to do so it may at once issue a warrant for the arrest and production of the witness before the court at a time and place to be therein specified.


Mode of dealings with witness arrested under warrant
130. When any witness is arrested under a warrant the court may, on his furnishing security by recognisance to the satisfaction of the court for his appearance at the hearing of the case, order him to be released from custody, or shall, on his failing to furnish such security, order him to be detained for production at such hearing.


Power of court to order prisoner to be brought up for examination
131. (1) Any court desirous of examining as a witness, in any case pending before it, any person confined in any prison may issue an order to the officer in charge of such prison requiring him to bring such prisoner in proper custody, at a time to be named in the order, before the court for examination.

(2) The officer so in charge, on receipt of such order, shall act in accordance therewith and shall provide for the safe custody of the prisoner during his absence from the prison for the purpose aforesaid.


Penalty for non-attendance of witness
132. (1) Any person summoned to attend as a witness who, without lawful excuse, fails to attend as required by the summons, or who, having attended, departs without having obtained the permission of the court, or fails to attend after adjournment of the court after being ordered to attend, shall be liable by order of the court to a fine not exceeding $40.

(2) Such fine may be levied by attachment and sale of any movable property belonging to such witness within the local limits of the jurisdiction of such court.

(3) In default of recovery of the fine by attachment and sale the witness may, by order of the court, be imprisoned as a civil prisoner for a term of 15 days unless such fine is paid before the end of the said term.

(4) For good cause shown, the High Court may remit or reduce any fine imposed under this section by a magistrates' court.


Power to summon material witness, or examine person present
133. Any court may, at any stage of any inquiry, trial or other proceeding under this Code, summon or call any person as a witness, or examine any person in attendance though not summoned as a witness, or recall and re-examine any person already examined, and the court shall summon and examine or recall and re-examine any such person if his evidence appears to it essential to the just decision of the case:

Provided that the prosecutor or the advocate of the prosecution or the defendant or his advocate shall have the right to cross-examine any such person, and the court shall adjourn the case for such time (if any) as it thinks necessary to enable such cross-examination to be adequately prepared, if, in its opinion, either party may be prejudiced by the calling of any such person as a witness.


Evidence to be given on oath
134. Every witness in any criminal cause or matter shall be examined upon oath or affirmation, and the court before which any witness shall appear shall have full power and authority to administer the usual oath or affirmation:

Provided that the court may at any time, if it thinks it just and expedient (for reasons to be recorded in the proceedings), take without oath the evidence of any person declaring that the taking of any oath whatever is according to his religious belief unlawful, or who by reason of immature age or want of religious belief ought not, in the opinion of the court, to be admitted to give evidence on oath; the fact of evidence having been so taken being also recorded in the proceedings.


Refractory witness
135. (1) Whenever any person, appearing either in obedience to a summons or by virtue of a warrant, or being present in court and being verbally required by the court to give evidence-

(a) refuses to be sworn; or

(b) having been sworn, refuses to answer any question put to him; or

(c) refuses or neglects to produce any document or thing which he is required to produce; or

(d) refuses to sign his deposition,

without in any such case offering any sufficient excuse for such refusal or neglect, the court may adjourn the case for any period not exceeding 8 days, and may in the meantime commit such person to prison, unless he sooner consents to do what is required of him.

(2) If such person, upon being brought before the court at or before such adjourned hearing, again refuses to do what is required of him, the court may, if it sees fit, again adjourn the case and commit him for the like period, and so again from time to time until such person consents to do what is so required of him.

(3) Nothing herein contained shall affect the liability of any such person to any other punishment or proceeding for refusing or neglecting to do what is so required of him, or shall prevent the court from disposing of the case in the meantime according to any other sufficient evidence taken before it.


Cases when wife or husband may be called without the consent of the accused
136. In any inquiry or trial the wife or husband of the person charged shall be a competent witness for the prosecution or defence without the consent of such person-

(a) in any case where the wife or husband of a person charged may, under any law in force for the time being, be called as a witness without the consent of such person;

(b) in any case where a person is charged with an offence under Part XVI or section 163 of the Penal Code;

(c) in any case where such person is charged in respect of an act or omission affecting the person or property of the wife or husband of such person or the children of either of them.


Issues of commission for examination of witness
137. (1) Whenever in the course of any proceeding under this Code the High Court or a magistrates' court, is satisfied that the examination of a witness is necessary for the ends of justice, and that the attendance of such witness cannot be procured without an amount of delay, expense or inconvenience which, under the circumstances of the case, would be unreasonable, the High Court or magistrates' court may with the consent of the parties issue a commission to any magistrate, within the local limits of whose jurisdiction such witness resides, to take the evidence of such witness.

(2) The magistrate to whom the commission is issued shall proceed to the place where the witness is or shall summon the witness before him, and shall take down his evidence in the same manner, and may for this purpose exercise the same powers, as in the case of a trial.


Parties may examine witnesses
138. (1) The parties to any proceeding under this Code in which a commission is issued may respectively forward any interrogatories in writing which the court directing the commission may think relevant to the issue, and the magistrate to whom the commission is directed shall examine the witness upon such interrogatories.

(2) Any such party may appear before such magistrate by advocate, or, if not in custody, in person, and may examine, cross-examine, and re-examine (as the case may be) the said witness.