'Protection of national security' in document 'Liechtenstein: Cooperation with the ICC '

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RELEVANT SECTIONS OF THE IMPLEMENTING LEGISLATION

I. General Provisions

Article 10
Obligation to consult and rejection of requests from the International Criminal Court

(1) Matters arising shall be resolved through consultations with the International Criminal Court, in particular where the execution of a request from the International Criminal Court would:

(b) prejudice national security (articles 72 and 93(4) of the Rome Statute);

II. Specific provisions

B. Judicial assistance; procedural provisions

Article 20
Disclosure and transmission of photocopies and information

(2) Should the documents relate to national security, the International Criminal Court shall be consulted to ascertain whether the information could be provided by another source or in another form.

(3) Should the matter not be settled through the consultations in paragraph 2 above, the Government, prior to granting access to records or the transmission of photocopies, shall check whether the interests of confidentiality significantly outweigh the interests of providing evidence for an international prosecution. Should that be the case, the International Criminal Court shall be asked to ensure the maintenance of confidentiality and for details as to how it will be maintained. This manner of proceeding shall be followed mutatis mutandis for International Tribunals, when documents are subject to particular confidentiality restrictions or relate to national security.

(4) The Government shall check whether the assurance given as to maintaining confidentiality is to be deemed sufficient. Access to records or the transmission of photocopies is to be refused where confidentiality cannot be ensured and if there are concerns that disclosure could prejudice national security.

(5) Paragraphs 2 to 4 above shall also apply where a person who has been called upon to provide information or evidence refuses to do so on the grounds that disclosure would prejudice national security.

(6) Prior to being questioned on the basis of a request for judicial assistance from the International Criminal Court, a person shall be informed of his or her right to refuse to answer in order to prevent the disclosure of confidential information relating to national security. This shall be noted in the record. The admissibility of the request for judicial assistance in such cases shall be decided upon in the light of paragraphs 2 to 4 above.

II. Specific provisions

D. Custody pending surrender, surrender and transit

Article 29
Transfer to the International Criminal Court or International Tribunal

(1) Once the order for surrender to the International Criminal Court or International Tribunal is enforceable, the judge of the princely court shall instruct the national police to promptly transfer the person to be surrendered to the International Criminal Court or International Tribunal. Unless there are serious security concerns or the Court or Tribunal seeks another form of delivery, the person to be surrendered shall be conveyed by air under the escort of Liechtenstein officials.

II. Specific provisions

E. Enforcement of sentences of imprisonment in Liechtenstein

Article 35
Procedure for acceptance of enforcement of sentence

(2) The Ministry of Justice may only refuse to accept a person as referred to in paragraph 1 above for the enforcement of a sentence of imprisonment if it would give rise to unacceptable consequences for the security and public order of the Principality of Liechtenstein. The decision of the Ministry of Justice is not open to appeal.

RELEVANT ROME STATUTE PROVISIONS

Article 72
Protection of national security information
1. This article applies in any case where the disclosure of the information or documents of a State would, in the opinion of that State, prejudice its national security interests. Such cases include those falling within the scope of article 56, paragraphs 2 and 3, article 61, paragraph 3, article 64, paragraph 3, article 67, paragraph 2, article 68, paragraph 6, article 87, paragraph 6 and article 93, as well as cases arising at any other stage of the proceedings where such disclosure may be at issue.
2. This article shall also apply when a person who has been requested to give information or evidence has refused to do so or has referred the matter to the State on the ground that disclosure would prejudice the national security interests of a State and the State concerned confirms that it is of the opinion that disclosure would prejudice its national security interests.
3. Nothing in this article shall prejudice the requirements of confidentiality applicable under article 54, paragraph 3 (e) and (f), or the application of article 73.
4. If a State learns that information or documents of the State are being, or are likely to be, disclosed at any stage of the proceedings, and it is of the opinion that disclosure would prejudice its national security interests, that State shall have the right to intervene in order to obtain resolution of the issue in accordance with this article.
5. If, in the opinion of a State, disclosure of information would prejudice its national security interests, all reasonable steps will be taken by the State, acting in conjunction with the Prosecutor, the defence or the Pre-Trial Chamber or Trial Chamber, as the case may be, to seek to resolve the matter by cooperative means. Such steps may include:
(a) Modification or clarification of the request;
(b) A determination by the Court regarding the relevance of the information or evidence sought, or a determination as to whether the evidence, though relevant, could be or has been obtained from a source other than the requested State;
(c) Obtaining the information or evidence from a different source or in a different form; or
(d) Agreement on conditions under which the assistance could be provided including, among other things, providing summaries or redactions, limitations on disclosure, use of in camera or ex parte proceedings, or other protective measures permissible under the Statute and the Rules of Procedure and Evidence.
6. Once all reasonable steps have been taken to resolve the matter through cooperative means, and if the State considers that there are no means or conditions under which the information or documents could be provided or disclosed without prejudice to its national security interests, it shall so notify the Prosecutor or the Court of the specific reasons for its decision, unless a specific description of the reasons would itself necessarily result in such prejudice to the State's national security interests.
7. Thereafter, if the Court determines that the evidence is relevant and necessary for the establishment of the guilt or innocence of the accused, the Court may undertake the following actions:
(a) Where disclosure of the information or document is sought pursuant to a request for cooperation under Part 9 or the circumstances described in paragraph 2, and the State has invoked the ground for refusal referred to in article 93, paragraph 4:
(i) The Court may, before making any conclusion referred to in subparagraph 7 (a) (ii), request further consultations for the purpose of considering the State's representations, which may include, as appropriate, hearings in camera and ex parte;
(ii) If the Court concludes that, by invoking the ground for refusal under article 93, paragraph 4, in the circumstances of the case, the requested State is not acting in accordance with its obligations under this Statute, the Court may refer the matter in accordance with article 87, paragraph 7, specifying the reasons for its conclusion; and
(iii) The Court may make such inference in the trial of the accused as to the existence or non-existence of a fact, as may be appropriate in the circumstances; or
(b) In all other circumstances:
(i) Order disclosure; or
(ii) To the extent it does not order disclosure, make such inference in the trial of the accused as to the existence or non-existence of a fact, as may be appropriate in the circumstances.

Article 93
Other forms of cooperation
4. In accordance with article 72, a State Party may deny a request for assistance, in whole or in part, only if the request concerns the production of any documents or disclosure of evidence which relates to its national security.