GENERAL PART
Chapter Three
CRIMINAL OFFENCE
2. Attempted Criminal Offence
Attempt
Article 30
(1) Whoever commences a criminal offence with premeditation, but does not complete it, shall be punished for the attempted criminal offence if such offence is punishable by law with a term of imprisonment of five years or more, and for the attempt of other criminal offence only when the law explicitly provides for the punishment of attempt.
(2) A perpetrator shall be punished for an attempt with a punishment prescribed for the criminal offence or with a lighter punishment.
Inappropriate Attempt
Article 31
An offender who attempts to commit a criminal offence with an inappropriate tool or against an inappropriate object may be remitted from punishment.
Voluntary Abandonment
Article 32
(1) An offender who attempted to commit a criminal offence, but voluntarily abandoned the act of commission or prevented occurrence of consequences, may be remitted from punishment.
(2) The provision of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply if the offender has not completed the criminal offence due to circumstances preventing or considerably hindering commission of the criminal offence, or because he assumed that such circumstances were present.
(3) An accessory, instigator or abettor who voluntarily prevents commission of a criminal offence may also be remitted from punishment.
(4) If in cases specified in paragraphs 1 and 3, the offender completes some other criminal offence that is independent of the offence he abandoned, the offender may not be remitted from punishment for such other offence on the same grounds.
3. Complicity in Criminal Offence
Co-perpetration
Article 33
If several persons jointly take part in committing a criminal offence, or jointly commit an offence out of negligence, or by carrying out a jointly made decision, by other premeditated act significantly contribute to committing a criminal offence, each shall be punished as prescribed by law for such offence.
Incitement
Article 34
(1) Whoever with intent incites another to commit a criminal offence shall be punished as prescribed by law for such offence.
(2) Whoever with intent incites another to commit a criminal offence whose attempt is punishable by law, and such offence has not been attempted at all, shall be punished as for the attempted criminal offence.
Aiding and Abetting
Article 35
(1) Anyone aiding another with intent in committing a criminal offence shall be punished as prescribed by law for such criminal offence, or by a mitigated penalty.
(2) The following, in particular, shall be considered as aiding in the commission of a criminal offence : giving instructions or advice on how to commit a criminal offence ; supply of means for committing a criminal offence ; creating conditions or removal of obstacles for committing a criminal offence ; prior promise to conceal the commission of the offence, offender, means used in committing a criminal offence, traces of criminal offence and items gained through the commission of criminal offence.
Limits of Culpability and Punishment of Accomplices
Article 36
(1) An accomplice is culpable for a criminal offence within the limits of his intent or negligence, and the inciter and abettor within the limits of their intent.
(2) Grounds which preclude the culpability of the perpetrator (Art. 23, 28 and 29 hereof) do not preclude a criminal offence of co-perpetrators, inciters or abettors if they are culpable.
(3) Personal relations, characteristics and circumstances due to which the law allows remittance of punishment, or that affect sentencing, may be taken in consideration only for such perpetrator, co-perpetrator, inciter or abettor where such relations, characteristics and circumstances exist.
(4) Personal relations, characteristics and circumstances representing an essential element of a criminal offence do not have to exist with an inciter or abettor. An inciter or abettor having no such personal characteristic may be given a mitigated penalty.
4. Punishment of Inciter and Abettor for an Attempt
Attempt and Lesser Criminal Offence
Article 37
(1) If a criminal offence remains an attempt, the inciter and abettor shall be punished for the attempt.
(2) If an offender commits a lesser criminal offence than the one incited to or abetted, and which would have been comprised in such offence, the inciter and abettor shall be punished for the committed criminal offence.
(3) provision of paragraph 2 of this Article shall not apply if the inciter would receive more severe penalty by application of Article 34, paragraph 2 hereof.
Individual criminal responsibility
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