GENERAL PROVISIONS
CHAPTER IV
STAGES AND FORMS OF A CRIMINAL ACT
Article 24. Complicity and Types of Accomplices
1. Complicity shall be the intentional joint participation in the commission of a criminal act of two or more conspiring legally capable persons who have attained the age specified in Article 13 of this Code.
2. Accomplices in a criminal act shall include a perpetrator, an organiser, an abettor and an accessory.
3. A perpetrator shall be a person who has committed a criminal act either by himself or by involving legally incapacitated person or the persons who have not yet attained the age specified in Article 13 of this Code or other persons who are not guilty of that act. If the criminal act has been committed by several persons acting together, each of them shall be considered a perpetrator/co-perpetrator.
4. An organiser shall a person who has formed an organised group or a criminal association, has been in charge thereof or has co-ordinated the activities of its members or has prepared a criminal act or has been in charge of commission thereof.
5. An abettor shall be a person who has incited another person to commit a criminal act.
6. The accessory shall be a person who has aided in the commission of a criminal act through counselling, issuing instructions, providing means or removing obstacles, protecting or shielding other accomplices, who has promised in advance to conceal the offender, hide the instruments or means of commission of the criminal act, the traces of the act or the items acquired by criminal means, also a person who has promised in advance to handle the items acquired or produced in the course of the criminal act.
Article 25. Forms of Complicity
1. Forms of complicity shall be a group of accomplices, an organised group or a criminal association.
2. A group of accomplices shall be one in which two or more persons agree, at any stage of the commission of a criminal act, on the commission, continuation or completion of the criminal act, where at least two of them are perpetrators.
3. An organised group shall be one in which two or more persons agree, at any stage of the commission of a criminal act, on the commission of several crimes or of one serious or grave crime, and in committing the crime each member of the group performs a certain task or is given a different role.
4. A criminal association shall be one in which three or more persons linked by permanent mutual relations and division of roles or tasks join together for the commission of a joint criminal act – one or several serious and grave crimes. An anti-state group or organisation and a terrorist group shall be considered equivalent to a criminal association.
Article 26. Criminal Liability of Accomplices
1. Accomplices shall be held liable solely for the criminal acts as committed by the perpetrator which are covered by their intent.
2. Where a perpetrator’s criminal act was discontinued at the stage of preparation for commission of or an attempt to commit it, an organiser, an abettor and an accessory shall be held liable for complicity in preparation or attempt to commit the criminal act.
3. Where there are the circumstances eliminating, mitigating or aggravating the liability of one of accomplices, they shall not be taken into account when determining the criminal liability of other accomplices.
4. An organiser, an abettor or an accessory shall be held liable under an article of the Code which provides for liability for an act committed by a perpetrator and under paragraph 4, 5 or 6 of Article 24 of this Code.
5. Members of a criminal association shall be held liable under Article 249 of this Code as perpetrators regardless of their roles in the commission of a criminal act which is covered by their intent.
Individual criminal responsibility
Joint commission
EDIT.