BOOK I.
General Provisions.
CHAPTER V
Participation in punishable acts.
Article 55.
(1) As principals of a punishable act shall be punished :
1st, those who perpetrate, cause others to perpetrate, or take a direct part in the execution of the
act ;
2ndly-, those who intentionally provoke the execution of the act by gifts, promises, abuse of power or of respect, force, threat or deception or by providing an opportunity, means or information.
(2) In respect to the provoker only those acts which have been deliberately provoked and their consequences shall be considered.
Article 56.
As accomplices to a crime shall be punished :
1st, the persons who deliberately aid in the commission of the crime ;
2ndly, the persons who deliberately provide opportunity, means or information for the commission of the crime.
Article 57.
(1) The maximum of the basic punishments imposed upon the crime in complicity shall be mitigated by one third.
(2) If it concerns a crime on which the capital punishment or a crime on which life imprisonment is imposed, a maximum imprisonment of fifteen years shall be imposed.
(3) The additional punishment for complicity shall be the same as for the crime itself.
(4) In determining the punishment only those acts shall be considered which the accomplice has deliberately facilitated or furthered, together with their consequences.
Article 58.
The personal circumstances on account of which the imposition of the punishment is excluded, mitigated or enchanted, in applying the penal provisions shall be computed only in respect of the said principal or accomplice personally.
Article 59.
In cases where by reason of misdemeanour punishment is imposed upon directors, members of a board of management or commissioners, no punishment shall he pronounced-against the director or commissioner who evidently does not take any part in the commission of the misdemeanour.
Article 60.
Complicity to commit a misdemeanour shall not be punished.
Individual criminal responsibility
Joint commission
EDIT.