Croatia

Criminal Code (excerpts-aggression)

Criminal Code of the Republic of Croatia passed by Croatian Parliament at its session on September 19, 1997, entered into force on January 1, 1998

Crime of Aggression

Article 89

(1) Whoever, being in a position effectively to exercise control over or to direct the political or military action of a state, uses the armed forces of one state against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of another state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Charter of the United Nations executes an act of aggression which, by its character, gravity and scale, constitutes a violation of the Charter of the United Nations shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a term of at least five years or to long-term
imprisonment.

(2) Whoever takes part in the operations of the armed forces referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a term of between three to fifteen years.

(3) Whoever directly and publicly incites to the crime of aggression shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a term of between one and ten years.

(4) Any of the following acts, regardless of a declaration of war, shall qualify as an act of aggression referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article:
1. The invasion or attack by the armed forces of a state on the territory of another state, or any military occupation, however temporary, resulting from such invasion or attack, or any annexation by the use of force of the territory of another state or part thereof;
2. bombardment by the armed forces of a state against the territory of another state or the use of any weapons by a state against the territory of another state;
3. the blockade of the ports or coasts of a state by the armed forces of another state;
4. an attack by the armed forces of a state on the land, sea or air forces, or marine and air fleets of another state;
5. the use of armed forces of one state which are within the territory of another state with the agreement of the receiving state, in contravention of the conditions provided for in the agreement or any extension of their presence in such territory beyond the termination of the agreement;
6. the action of a state in allowing its territory, which it has placed at the disposal of another state, to be used by that other state for perpetrating an act of aggression against a third state; or
7. the sending by or on behalf of a state of armed bands, groups, irregulars or mercenaries, which carry out acts of armed force against another state of such gravity as to amount to the acts listed above, or its substantial involvement therein.

Keywords

Aggression



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