Spain

Criminal Code

BOOK I
General provisions on felonies and misdemeanours, the persons responsible, the penalties, security measures and other consequences of criminal offences

TITLE XX
On felonies against the Judicial Power

CHAPTER III
On covering up

Article 451

Whoever has knowledge of a felony committed and, without having intervened in it as a principal, subsequently intervenes in its execution, in any of the following manners, shall be punished with a sentence of imprisonment of six months to three yearsm :

1. Aiding the principals or accomplices to benefit from the gains, product or price of the offence, without intending personal profit ;

2. Hiding, altering or destroying the evidence, effects or instruments of an offence, to prevent it being discovered ;

3. Aiding the suspected criminals to avoid investigation by the authority or its agents, or to escape search or capture, whenever any of the following circumstances concur :
a) That the act covered up amounts to treason, regicide, the homicide of any of the King’s ascendants or descendents, of the Queen Consort or the Consort of the Queen, the Regent or any other member of the Regency, of the Heir to the Throne, genocide, crimes against humanity, crimes against protected persons and assets in the event of armed conflict, rebellion, terrorism, homicide, piracy, trafficking in human beings or trafficking in human organs ;
b) When the person abetting has acted in abuse of his public functions. In this case, in addition to the punishment of custodial sentence, that of special barring from public employment and office for a term of two to four years shall be imposed if the felony concealed is less serious, and of absolute barring for a term from six to twelve years if it is serious.

Keywords

Offences against administration of justice
Corruptly influencing a witness, obstructing or interfering with the attendance or testimony of a witness, retaliating against a witness for giving testimony or destroying, tampering with or interfering with the collection of evidence
National prosecution for offences against the administration of justice
National penalties - offences against the administration of justice
National penalties - maximum penalty



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