Bulgaria

Criminal Code

BULGARIA – CRIMINAL CODE

SPECIAL PART

Chapter Fourteen - CRIMES AGAINST PEACE AND HUMANITY

Section II - Crimes Against the Laws and Customs of Waging War

A person who in violation of the rules of international law for waging war:

a) perpetrates or orders the perpetration of, on wounded, sick, shipwrecked persons or sanitary personnel, acts of murder, tortures, or inhuman treatment, including biological experiments, inflicts or orders grave sufferings, mutilation or other impairments of health to be inflicted to such persons;

b) perpetrates, or orders to be perpetrated, major destruction or appropriations of sanitary materials or installations, shall be punished by deprivation of liberty f or a term of from five up to twenty years, or by life imprisonment without substitution.

Article 411

A person who in violation of the rules of international law for waging war:

a) perpetrates or orders to be perpetrated with regard to prisoners of war murder, tortures or inhuman treatment, including biological experiments or causes or orders grave sufferings, mutilation or other impairments of health to be inflicted on such persons;

b) compels a prisoner of war to serve in the armed forces of the enemy state , or

c) deprives a prisoner of war of the right to be tried by a regular court and under a regular procedure ,
shall be punished by deprivation of liberty for a term of from five up to twenty years or by life imprisonment without substitution.

Article 412

A person who in violation of the rules of international law for waging war:

a) perpetrates or orders with regard to the civil population murders, tortures, inhuman treatment, including biological experiments to be perpetrated, causes or orders grave sufferings, mutilation or other serious impairments of health to be inflicted;

b) takes or orders hostages to be taken ;

c) carries out or orders unlawful deportations, persecutions or detentions to be effected ;

d) compels a civilian to serve in the armed forces of an enemy state ;

e) deprives a civilian of his right to be tried by a regular court and under a regular procedure;

f) unlawfully and arbitrarily perpetrates or orders the perpetration of destruction or appropriations of property on a large scale, shall be punished by deprivation of liberty for a term of from five up to twenty years or by life imprisonment without substitution.

Article 413

A person who, without having such right, bears the insignia of the Red Cross or of the Red Crescent or who abuses a flag or the insignia of the Red Cross or the Red Crescent or the colour determined for transport vehicles for sanitary evacuation, shall be punished by deprivation of liberty for up to two years.

Article 414

(1) A person who, in violation of the rules of international law for waging war destroys, damages or makes unfit cultural or historical monuments and objects, works of art, buildings and equipment intended for cultural, scientific or other humanitarian purposes, shall be punished by deprivation of liberty for one to ten years.

(2) The same punishment shall also be imposed on a person who steals, unlawfully appropriates or conceals objects indicated in the preceding paragraph or imposes contribution or confiscation with respect to such objects.

Article 415

(1) A person who, in violation of the rules of international law for waging war uses or orders
nuclear, chemical, bacteriological, biological or toxic weapons or impermissible ways or means for
waging war to be used, shall be punished by deprivation of liberty for three to ten years.

(2) If particularly grave consequences have set in therefrom, the punishment shall be
deprivation of liberty for a term of from ten up to twenty years or life imprisonment without
substitution.

Article 415a

Anyone who undertakes military preparation for the use of nuclear,
chemical, bacteriological, biological or toxic weaponry as means of war,
shall be punished by deprivation of liberty from one to six years.

Keywords

War crimes
National penalties - war crimes



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